فهرست مطالب:

Preface ix
Acknowledgments xi
1 EEG basics 1
1.1 Electrode nomenclature, polarity and montages 1
1.2 Normal EEG: awake and asleep 9
Suggested reading 11
Figures 1.7–1.17 13
2 Practical approach to critical care EEG and its classification 36
2.1 Basic approach 36
2.2 Classification using the ACNS Standardized Critical
Care EEG Terminology: 2021 version 38
Suggested reading 39
Figures 2.1–2.6 40
3 Encephalopathy and coma 49
3.1 Nonspecific patterns of encephalopathy 49
3.2 Grading of encephalopathy 49
3.3 Findings in specific medical conditions 51
3.4 Medication effects 52
Suggested reading 54
Figures 3.1–3.31 56
4 Focal EEG abnormalities 104
4.1 Focal EEG abnormalities 104
4.2 EEG changes in ischemia 105
4.3 Breach effect 106
Suggested reading 107
Figures 4.1–4.17 108
5 Rhythmic and periodic patterns 133
5.1 Main term 1 (location) 133
5.2 Main term 2 (pattern type) 134
5.3 Major and minor modifiers (including plus
modifiers) 136
5.4 Stimulus-induced rhythmic, periodic or ictal discharges
(SIRPIDs) 136
5.5 Brief potentially Ictal Rhythmic Discharges (BIRDs) 136
Suggested reading 139
Figures 5.1–5.48 140
6 Seizures, status epilepticus and the ictal-interictal continuum 215
6.1 Electrographic and Electroclinical seizures 215
6.2 Status epilepticus 216
6.3 Ictal-interictal continuum (IIC) 217
6.4 Rapid EEG 217
Suggested reading 218
Figures 6.1–6.29 220
viiviii CONTENTS
7 Artifacts that can mimic seizures or other physiologic
patterns 312
Suggested reading 316
Figures 7.1–7.28 317
8 Post cardiac arrest patterns 364
8.1 Myoclonic status epilepticus 364
8.2 Prognostication 364
Suggested reading 366
Figures 8.1–8.15 368
9 Quantitative EEG: basics, seizure detection and avoiding
pitfalls 411
9.1 Spectrogram basics 412
9.2 Quantitative EEG: basics 412
9.3 Quantitative EEG: detection of seizures and rhythmic
and periodic patterns 412
9.4 Quantitative EEG: pitfalls and solutions 413
Suggested reading 413
Figures 9.1–9.37 415
10 Quantitative EEG: special applications and multimodal
monitoring 498
10.1 Delayed ischemia detection 498
10.2 Quantitative thresholds and alarms 498
10.3 Multimodal monitoring, including intracranial EEG 499
Suggested reading 500
Figures 10.1–10.19 502
ACNS standardized critical care EEG terminology 2021
(condensed version) 544
A. Background EEG 544
B. Sporadic Epileptiform Discharges 545
C. Rhythmic or Periodic Patterns (RPPs) 545
Main Terms 545
Major Modifiers 546
D. Electrographic and Electroclinical Seizures 548
E. Brief Potentially Ictal Rhythmic Discharges (BIRDs) 548
F. Ictal-Interictal Continuum (IIC) 548
Index 549

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1118752899, 9781118752890